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What is an IP address?
An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical identification (
logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network utilizing
the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes. Although IP addresses are stored as binary numbers, they are usually displayed
in human-readable notations, such as 192.168.100.1 (for IPv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 (for IPv6).
The role of the IP address has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."
Every device connected to the
public Internet is assigned a unique number known as an
Internet Protocol (IP) address.
IP addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods (also called a 'dotted-quad') and look something like 127.0.0.1.
Since these numbers are usually assigned to internet service providers within
region-based blocks, an
IP address
can often be used to
identify the region or country from which a computer is connecting to the Internet.
An IP address can sometimes be used to show the
user's general location.
Because the numbers may be tedious to deal with, an IP address may also be assigned to a Host name,
which is sometimes easier to remember.
Hostnames may be looked up to
find IP addresses, and vice-versa.
At one time
ISPs issued one IP address to each user. These are called
static IP addresses.
Because there is a limited number of IP addresses and with increased usage of the internet ISPs now issue IP addresses in a
dynamic fashion out of a pool of IP addresses (Using DHCP). These are referred to as
dynamic IP addresses.
This also limits the ability of the user to
host websites,
mail servers, ftp servers, etc.
In addition to users connecting to the internet, with
virtual hosting, a single machine can act like multiple machines (
with multiple domain names and IP addresses).